Mubikoresho bigezweho, ubwubatsi, ningendo zo kwidagadura, romoruki nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo kwagura ubushobozi bwubwikorezi. Umutekano wabo no koroshya imikoreshereze bigira ingaruka kumikorere muri rusange. Umuhuza wa romoruki - bisa nkibyuma byoroshye cyangwa plastike - ni ihuriro ryibanze rihuza romoruki n'imodoka ikurura. Agaciro kayo karenze kure kubahuza gusa, bikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi, harimo umutekano, guhuza n'imikorere, ibiciro byubukungu, ndetse ninganda zinganda.
1. Umurongo wambere wumutekano
Inshingano yibanze ya trailer ihuza ni ugukwirakwiza imbaraga zihamye mugihe cyo gukurura no gutandukana mugihe cyihutirwa. Iyo romoruki igenda ku muvuduko uri hejuru ya 60 km / h, iyo romoruki irashobora kubona imbaraga zo guhindagurika (bakunze kwita "swingi") kubera umuyaga, impanuka zo mumuhanda, cyangwa feri itunguranye. Imbaraga zidahuza zifunga imbaraga cyangwa imbaraga zuburyo zirashobora gutuma romoruki itandukana ninzira zayo, nibyiza, cyangwa biganisha kumurongo. Ihuza ryiza - mubisanzwe bihimbwe kuva hejuru - imbaraga zivanze nicyuma kandi bigakorerwa ibizamini byo gutera umunyu, kugerageza imbaraga zingana (bisaba byibura toni 5 zumutwaro uhagaze), hamwe no kwipimisha kwihanganira kugirango wirinde kumeneka bitunguranye kubera umunaniro wibyuma.
Icy'ingenzi cyane, abahuza bigezweho bakunze gushiramo igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano -: pin yumutekano hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga byikora: intoki winjizamo pin yumutekano birinda gufungura impanuka, mugihe uburyo bwo gufunga bwikora bukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza. Kwihuza byuzuye gusa gukanda byumvikana no kwerekana urumuri rwemeza (kuri moderi zimwe z'amashanyarazi). Ubu buryo "bwo kwemeza kabiri" bugabanya ikosa ryabantu hejuru ya 70%, bihinduka umurinzi utagaragara wumutekano wimodoka kumihanda.
2. Ikiraro cyo guhuza n'imikorere
Ibisabwa byimikorere ya trailer ihuza biratandukanye cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba. Kurugero, gukurura RV bisaba kohereza amashanyarazi ahuza (12V / 24V DC), kugenzura ibimenyetso (guhuza feri / guhuza ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso), hamwe na feri ya hydraulic. Imodoka ziremereye cyane - zikoresha imashini zisaba guhuza hamwe na ultra - ifite ingufu nyinshi (kugeza kuri toni 10) hamwe no kurwanya ruswa (kwihanganira ahazubakwa umucanga na kaburimbo). Iyo ukurura campervan hamwe nimodoka yumuryango, igishushanyo cyoroheje no guterana byihuse no gusenya nibyingenzi.
Abakora umwuga wo guhuza ibinyabiziga babigize umwuga batanga ibisubizo byuburyo bukenewe: moderi yibanze yujuje ibyifuzo byoroheje bikurura, moderi yazamuye ihuza ibyuma bya feri ya elegitoronike (nka interineti ya retarder interfeque), hamwe na - moderi zanyuma ndetse zishyigikira itumanaho rya bisi ya CAN (ituma habaho guhuza ubwenge hagati ya romoruki na romoruki). Iyi "yihariye" ituma traktor imwe ihuza nubwoko butandukanye bwimodoka mugusimbuza imiyoboro itandukanye, kuzamura imikoreshereze yibikoresho. Dukurikije imibare, amato ahitamo guhuza neza arashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwitegura ubutumwa bumwe bwo gutwara abantu 40%, bikabyara inyungu zitaziguye mubukungu.
3. Imicungire itagaragara yikiguzi cyubukungu
Uhereye kubuzima bwuzuye, ibyinjijwe - igereranyo cyibisohoka bya trailer ihuza birashimishije cyane. Umuyoboro muto - ushobora guhuza igiciro kimwe gusa - icya gatatu igiciro cyibicuruzwa byemewe, ariko birashira vuba (ibicuruzwa byiza - bifite ubuziranenge bwigihe cyimyaka irenga 10 bikoreshwa bisanzwe, mugihe - byujuje ubuziranenge bikenera gusimburwa mumyaka 2 - 3), bifite ibyago byinshi byo gutsindwa, bishobora no gutakaza amanota ibihumbi. kugabanywa kubitari - kubahiriza amabwiriza yumuhanda. Ibinyuranyo, byujuje ubuziranenge, byujuje ubuziranenge, nubwo ubanza bihenze cyane, birashobora kugabanya neza amafaranga yimikorere muri rusange binyuze mu kubungabunga bike, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukumira impanuka.
Ku masosiyete y'ibikoresho, guhuza abahuza birashobora kandi koroshya imicungire yimodoka. Ibice byo gusana birahari cyane, kugabanya ibiciro byamahugurwa yabashoferi. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga nka ISO 1724 / SAE J560 birahuza isi yose, bikuraho ibikenewe guhinduka mugihe cyo gutwara imipaka -. Ubu buryo "bumwe - ishoramari ryigihe, inyungu ndende - inyungu zigihembwe" bituma ihitamo bisanzwe kubiciro - abakoresha babizi.
4. Abashinzwe guteza imbere inganda
Hamwe nogutezimbere amabwiriza yumutekano wo mumuhanda, ubuziranenge bwimodoka zigenda zihinduka isi yose. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urategeka ko romoruki zose zifite ibikoresho birwanya - ibikoresho bidapakurura byujuje ubuziranenge bwa EN 15986. DOT yo muri Amerika isaba guhuza - yimodoka yimodoka kugirango batsinde FMVSS 49 CFR Igice 571.121 ikizamini cya feri. Igihugu cyanjye GB / T 20062-2017 nacyo gisobanura neza kwihanganira ibipimo hamwe nuburemere bwibintu kubatwara ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bishingiye ku bwumvikane bwa tekiniki bushingiye ku isesengura ry’impanuka zitabarika: gusa urwego rumwe rukora rushobora guhungabanya umutekano w’abakoresha umuhanda.
Kubakoresha amaherezo, guhitamo abahuza ari CE, DOT, cyangwa Ubushinwa Bwemeza Icyemezo (CCC) ntabwo ari itegeko ryemewe gusa ahubwo ni no kwerekana inshingano zabo ubwabo nabandi. Iyo buri muhuza yubahirije byimazeyo amabwiriza, urufatiro rwumutekano rwibinyabuzima byose bitwara abantu birakomeye.
Kuva mu gutwara ibikoresho byubwubatsi muri Alps, kugera kuri RV ingendo zo mumuhanda mugace ka Ositaraliya, kugeza kumunsi - na - ingendo zijoro zinyura muri parike y’ibikoresho bya Yangtze River Delta, abahuza ibinyabiziga bagiye bagira uruhare runini. Ntabwo birenze guhuza ibyuma nu muzunguruko; nabwo butwara ibitekerezo byumutekano, microcosm yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, hamwe nuwukora amahame yinganda. Mugihe tuganira kubijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa umutekano wurugendo, ntidukwiye kwirengagiza iki "kintu gito" cyihishe inyuma yururobo - kuko gihuza imodoka zirenze ebyiri; byerekana inshingano no kwizerana, kugenderwaho no guhanga udushya, hamwe nubumuntu bwibihe bidashira byimikorere yizewe.